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^^ && ## %% ** ^^ && ## %% ** l The grid extends at a 90 degree angle. # Press Option+click (Alt+click) and drag a center point to swing the plane into position. The perspective plane swings around and aligns at a different angle. $ Press +V (Ctrl+V). l The pasted image appears in a corner of the Vanishing Point dialog box. % Click and drag the second image over the perspective plane. The second image snaps into perspective on the plane. ^ Click the Transform tool. & Press Shift+click and drag the corners of the second image to adjust it into position. * Click OK. The additions in perspective are applied. 137Chapter 6: Making Magic with Digital Special Effects Did You Know? When you are in the Vanishing Point dialog box, you can use the Zoom tool to enlarge the area that you want to select. To zoom in as you are placing or adjusting the anchor points, press and hold X. Important! You can increase the size of the building beyond the boundaries of the existing photo. First, increase the canvas size by clicking Image . Canvas Size and adding width or height to one side of the existing image. Caution! When you plan to copy an item or a layer from one photo to paste into another in perspective, be sure to copy the item first to save it to the Clipboard before you choose the Vanishing Point filter.

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BECOME A DIGITAL ARCHITECT with the Vanishing Point filter The Vanishing Point filter helps Photoshop recognize the third dimension of objects so that you can manipulate items in perspective. Using the Grid tool, you create a grid over a rectangular area and then extend the grid by pulling on the anchor points. You can then pull a secondary plane around 90 degree corners. With Photoshop CS3, you can now drag out a secondary plane and rotate it by any amount. After the grids or perspective planes are defined, you can change the look of the image by erasing items, copying objects from one area of the image to another, or adding items from other images, all while keeping the perspective in the original photo. You can expand a building to make it look taller than it is, erase or add windows to a structure, add a cover design to the photo of an open blog, or even add signs on any building. The first grid must be accurate. A blue grid shows a correct perspective plane. A red or yellow grid must be must adjusted using the anchor points until the grid turns blue. 77 88 00 99 99 !! 22 66 !! 99 99@@ 136 1 Open a main image. 2 Click here to add a new layer. 3 Open a second image to be used on the main image. 4 Press +A (Ctrl+A) to select the entire second image. Note: You can select just an area. 5 Press +C (Ctrl+C). 6 Click here to close the second image. 7 Click Filter. 8 Click Vanishing Point. The Vanishing Point dialog box appears. l The Create Plane tool is automatically selected. 9 Click four corners of an area that shows the perspective of the photo to create a blue grid. 0 Click the Edit Plane tool. ! Click and drag the center points of the grid to extend the plane. @ Press (Ctrl) and click and drag a center point to create a perpendicular plane.

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ww eeyy QQ ii EE WW pp RR ww eeyy QQ ii EE WW pp RR w Press Shift and click and drag the corner of the transformation anchors to resize this silhouette. e Click the silhouette and drag it into position. r Press Return (Enter) to apply the transformation. t Repeat steps 22 to 24 for any additional silhouettes. ADD TEXT TO YOUR DESIGN y Click the Type tool. u Select a color, font, and size in the Type tool s Options bar. i Click in the image and type some text. o Press Return (Enter) to apply the text. APPLY A GRADIENT p Click the Background layer. Q Click the Gradient tool. W Click here. E Click with the Color Picker eyedropper in the main color of the design to select that color and click OK. R Press Shift+click and drag in the image to create a gradient background. 135Chapter 6: Making Magic with Digital Special Effects More Options! Pressing +T (Ctrl+T) brings up the Transformation controls. You can press Return (Enter) instead of clicking the Commit button on the Options bar to apply the transformation. You can press Esc to cancel the transformation. Did You Know? Selecting the Auto-Select Layer and the Auto-Select Groups check boxes on the Options bar enables you to click an item in a multilayered document and automatically select the layer that contains the item. Try This! Selecting the Show Transform Controls check box on the Options bar makes the transformation anchors appear. You can then click and drag the corner anchors to resize without clicking the Edit menu and selecting Free Transform.

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CREATE A SILHOUETTE for a custom design The silhouette technique can be used in a variety of ways. It can be the main part of the design or a secondary element in the overall piece. A wedding thank-you note, for example, may have a small silhouette of the couple kissing on the inside or back of the card. You can make variations to the silhouette and the background depending on the purpose of the piece. Highlighting specific areas such as a bracelet or a belt adds dimension and focus to the silhouette. Select these areas as the first step. Jump the selections to a separate layer and fill them with white. Then continue creating the silhouetted form. Place the highlights layer above the silhouette layer and merge these two layers. For a more subtle overall effect, you can apply a gradient to the background layer instead of using a solid color. Place the most important part of the silhouette over the lightest part of the gradient. As the gradient gets lighter, the silhouette stands out more due to the increased contrast. $$ %% ^^ && )) (( )) ** Photos 2007 www.photospin.com 134 $ Click the Move tool. % Click one of the photos to activate it. ^ Click the black silhouette and drag it onto the new document. & Repeat steps 14 to 16 for any additional silhouettes. l The silhouettes appear on separate layers in the new document. * Click Auto-Select. ( Click Show Transform Controls. ) Click the Close button to close each photo. Note: Do not save the changes to the images when the dialog box appears. q Press ++ (Ctrl++) to enlarge the design document.

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The Color Picker appears. ! Click to select a color for the new document. @ Click OK. !! @@ ## Note: The Warning triangle next to the selected color is an Out-of-Gamut alert indicating that a color will not print exactly as seen on the screen. # With the blank document selected, press Option+Delete (Alt+Backspace) to fill the layer with the new foreground color. The new document fills with the foreground color. 133Chapter 6: Making Magic with Digital Special Effects More Options! Pressing +Tab (Ctrl+Tab) enables you to cycle through all open documents. You can select the one that you need to work on without clicking and dragging the others out of the way in the document window. Did You Know? You can view all the open documents at once by clicking Window . Arrange and selecting Tile Horizontally or Tile Vertically. Clicking Window . Arrange . Cascade makes the documents align to occupy the least amount of space. More Options! Press ++ (Ctrl++) to enlarge the preview. Press + (Ctrl+ ) to reduce the preview. Press +spacebar (Ctrl+spacebar) and click to zoom in even with another tool selected. Press Option+spacebar (Alt+spacebar) and click to zoom out.

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CREATE A SILHOUETTE for a custom design Many advertising layouts are designed with a silhouetted person or object against a plain, colored background. You can easily create a similar design by making a selection in a photograph and using that selection in a background document. The silhouette design can be very effective, not only as an advertising piece but also as a business card, a greeting card, a postcard, or an original logo. Not all objects in a photograph can be used as a silhouette. The subject needs to have a detailed enough shape when contrasted against a background to not only stand out but also be recognizable. People or objects that are angled or positioned parallel to the plane of the photograph often work best. The size of the object is not important because you can transform and resize the silhouetted item to fit your design. You can use just one silhouette or combine any number of objects from various photos and place these on any colored background. Just add some text to complete the design. 55 66 44 77 88 99 00 33 Photos 2007 www.photospin.com 132 1 Open the photos with the objects for the silhouettes and a new blank document with the width, height, and resolution set for the custom layout. 2 Press D to set the foreground color to black. 3 Click the Quick Select tool. l Optionally, you can click the Lasso tool to select the subject. 4 Click and drag a detailed selection around the subject as in Task #16. 5 Press +J (Ctrl+J) to put the selected area on its own layer. 6 Press (Ctrl) and click the Layer 1 thumbnail to target the selection. 7 Press Option+Delete (Alt+Backspace) to fill the selection with black. 8 Repeat steps 3 to 7 for any additional photos. 9 Click the blank document to select it. 0 Click the foreground color in the toolbox.

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The Lens Blur filter is applied to the image. ( Click the Visibility icon on the Alpha 1 channel to deselect it and hide the red mask. (( )) ) Click the Layers tab. The main subject in the image is sharp while the rest of the image gradually blurs out of focus as it gets farther away from the focal point. 131Chapter 6: Making Magic with Digital Special Effects Attention! Film grain and noise are removed when the Lens Blur filter is applied. You can replace some of the noise and make the image look more realistic. First, zoom in to see the image at 100 percent. Click and drag the Amount slider in the Noise section of the Lens Blur dialog box until the image appears less changed and click OK. Did You Know? Applying a Lens Blur filter rather than a Gaussian Blur filter preserves more of the geometric shapes in the original image. Highlights in the image also reflect the Shape setting that is chosen in the Iris section of the Lens Blur dialog box. You can smooth the edges of the iris and rotate it by changing the Blade Curvature and Rotation settings.

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ADJUST DEPTH OF FIELD with a Lens Blur filter Photoshop includes other blur filters. All the blur filters can soften or blur either a selected area or the entire image. These filters smooth the transitions between areas of contrast from hard edges or shaded areas by averaging the pixels that are juxtaposed to any lines or edges in an image. The Lens Blur filter works best for creating or simulating depth of field in a photo because it uses a depth map to determine the position of the pixels to blur. You can set the specific area to start blurring the focus in the image by specifying the source for the depth map. Using the Lens Blur filter with a separate Alpha channel or a layer mask as the source enables you to specify exactly what is in sharp focus and how much depth of field to apply. The Lens Blur filter also enables you to determine the shape of the iris to control how the blur appears. By changing the shape, curvature, or rotation of the iris in the Lens Blur dialog box, you control the look of the Lens Blur filter. ## ** %% ^^ $$ && 130 The Lens Blur dialog box appears. # Click and drag all the sliders to the left to remove any blur effect. $ Click here and select Alpha 1. % Click the main subject in the image to assign the point of focus. ^ Click and drag the Radius slider to the right to blur the background. & Click and drag the Blur Focal Distance slider to adjust the point of focus if necessary. Note: The Blur Focal Distance number corresponds to the level of gray at the targeted point in the Alpha channel. * Click OK.

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44 99 !! 66 00 @@ 77 88 44 99 !! 66 00 @@ 77 88 All the channels are visible, and a red mask covers the image. 4 Click the Alpha 1 channel to highlight it. 5 Press D to select the default foreground and background colors. 6 Click the Gradient tool. 7 Click the Linear gradient. 8 Press and hold the Shift key as you click and drag in the image from the background toward the foreground. The red mask area appears as a red gradient. 9 Click the RGB channel to highlight it. 0 Click Filter. ! Click Blur. @ Click Lens Blur. 129Chapter 6: Making Magic with Digital Special Effects More Options! You can create a selection in the image and click Select . Save Selection. Type a name in the data field in the Save Selection dialog box. Click OK. Hide the visibility of the new channel, click the RGB channel in the Layers palette, and then click the Layers tab. Apply the Lens Blur filter, and everything in the selection remains in focus. Try This! You can also create a channel with two selections, one for the main subject and the second for an area slightly farther in the background. Fill the first selection with white and the second with a light gray. Apply the Lens Blur filter with this channel as the source. Your image now has areas with three distinct levels of focus.

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ADJUST DEPTH OF FIELD with a Lens Blur filter You can draw the attention of the viewer into the main subject of an image by controlling the depth of field, or defining the part of the image that is in focus and blurring other areas. Photographers control the depth of field by changing the aperture setting on the camera. A small opening results in a greater depth of field with more of the image in focus. A larger aperture creates an image with less depth of field and only the center of the image in focus. You can use Photoshop s blur filters to selectively adjust the depth of field in your digital images. Use the Lens Blur filter and a white-to-black gradient on an Alpha channel to create a smooth transition from the focused areas to the out-of-focus areas in the photo. Click one area in the image to set the main focal point. Areas with the same level of gray in the Alpha channel as the selected area are now in focus. All other areas are blurred depending on the level of gray in the Alpha channel. 33 11 22 128 1 Click the Channels tab in the Layers palette. 2 Click the New Channel button to add a new black Alpha channel. Optionally, you can press the F key once to view the photo against a gray background. The image is covered with black, and the channel is named Alpha 1. 3 Click the Visibility box for the RGB channel to see the image.

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